[검색엔진] django로 Basic 검색 웹사이트 만들기 (Basic Filtering)

1. 가상환경에 장고 환경 세팅 (Terminal에 입력)

$ python -m venv venv
$ source venv/Scripts/activate
$ pip install django==3.0.3
$ pip install shell
$ pip install cities

2. 프로젝트 생성 (Terminal에 입력)

$ django-admin startproject citysearch_project .
$ python manage.py migrate
$ python manage.py startapp cities

 

 

3. Apps 설치 

• settings.py > INSTALLED_APPS > 'cities.apps.CitiesConfig' 추가 

# citysearch_project/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'cities.apps.CitiesConfig', # new
]

4. Model 생성 

 

# cities/models.py
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class City(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    state = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    class Meta:
        verbos_name_plural = "cities"
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

• model을 생성했으므로 migration 하기 

$ python manage.py makemigrations cities
$ python manage.py migrate

 

5. 관리자 계정 만들기 

$ python manage.py createsuperuser


Username : student 
Email address :  
Password : 1234
Password(again) : 1234 
...~ create user anyway? [Y/N]: Y 
Superuser created successfully 

• city > admin.py 파일 업데이트 ( 관리자 페이지 뜨도록 하기 위해서) 

# cities/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import City

# Register your models here.

class CityAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("name", "state",)

admin.site.register(City, CityAdmin)

 

# 장고에서 웹서버 실행 
python manage.py runserver

 

• 관리자 페이지 확인 가능

 

 

6. 홈페이지와 검색 결과 페이지 만들기 

 

• 검색결과를 불러올 urls 경로를 추가하기 "citysearch_project/urls.py" 

# citysearch_project/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include # new

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include('cities.urls')), # new
]

• cities 폴더에도 urls.py 경로를 표시하기 위해 터미널에 아래의 명령어 터미널에 입력하기 

$ touch cities/urls.py

• 파일 생성 확인

• 검색결과를 나타낼 url 경로 입력하기 "city/urls.py" 

# cities/urls.py
from django.urls import path

from .views import HomePageView, SearchResultsView

urlpatterns = [
    path('search/', SearchResultsView.as_view(), name='search_results'),
    path('', HomePageView.as_view(), name='home'),
]

 

7. 홈페이지 view 와 검색결과 view 창 만들기 

• cities > views.py 에 아래의 코드 입력 

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import TemplateView, ListView
from .models import City

# Create your views here.
class HomePageView(TemplateView):
    template_name= 'home.html'

class SearchResultsView(ListView):
    model = Citytemplate_name = 'search_results.html'

* Template 구조 

• Templates 파일을 만들어 주기 
  (*오타 earch_results > search_results )

$ mkdir templates
$ touch templates/home.html
$ touch templates/search_results.html

• cityserach_project/settings.py 파일에도 TEMPLATES 수정하기 

# citysearch_project/settings.py
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        ...
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')], # new
        ...
    }
]

• 홈페이지 창 만들기 

<!-- templates/home.html -->
<h1>Coogle</h1>

• 검색결과 창 만들기 

<!-- templates/search_results.html -->
<h1>Search Results</h1>

<ul>
  {% for city in object_list %}
    <li>
      {{ city.name }}, {{ city.state }}
    </li>
  {% endfor %}
</ul>

8. Basic 검색 

• cities > views.py 에 get_queryset 함수 정의 

# cities/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import TemplateView, ListView
from .models import City

# Create your views here.
class HomePageView(TemplateView):
    template_name= 'home.html'

class SearchResultsView(ListView):
    model = City
    template_name = 'search_results.html'

    def get_queryset(self): # new
        return City.objects.filter(name__icontains='서울')

• name__icontains=' '에 무엇이 들어가냐에 따라 filtering 되서 표시 됌 

• Q option 으로 다양하게 (합집합 교집합.. 차집합.. )필터링해볼 수 있음 

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import TemplateView, ListView
from .models import City
from django.db.models import Q # new

# Create your views here.
class HomePageView(TemplateView):
    template_name= 'home.html'

class SearchResultsView(ListView):
    model = City
    template_name = 'search_results.html'

    def get_queryset(self): # new
        return City.objects.filter(
            Q(name__icontains='서울') | Q(state__icontains='한국')
        )

9. 검색 폼 만들기 

<!-- templates/home.html -->
<h1>Coogle</h1>

<!-- Search Form  -->
<form action="{% url 'search_results' %}" method="get">
    <input name="q" type="text" placeholder="Search...">
</form>

 

10. 검색 결과로 필터링하는 함수 만들기 

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import TemplateView, ListView
from .models import City
from django.db.models import Q # new

# Create your views here.
class HomePageView(TemplateView):
    template_name= 'home.html'

class SearchResultsView(ListView):
    model = City
    template_name = 'search_results.html'

    def get_queryset(self): # new
        query = self.request.GET.get('q')
        object_list = City.objects.filter(
            Q(name__icontains=query) | Q(state__icontains=query)
        )
        return object_list

 

 

참고자료

https://learndjango.com/tutorials/django-search-tutorial 

Django Search Tutorial | LearnDjango.com